What is the main purpose of sensitivity analysis in financial modeling?

The main purpose of sensitivity analysis in financial modeling is to identify the most significant inputs affecting the output. This analytical process allows financial analysts and decision-makers to determine how changes in specific variables impact the overall results of a model, such as net present value, internal rate of return, or other key financial metrics. By systematically varying inputs, analysts can understand which factors have the most influence on the outcomes, enabling them to focus their attention on these critical areas for better decision-making and risk assessment.

This process plays a crucial role in scenarios where uncertainty exists, as it helps quantify the potential impact of various assumptions and helps to refine models based on real-world variables. By identifying key drivers, sensitivity analysis aids in optimizing strategies and preparing for different financial scenarios.